The University of Missouri protests led by Black students that prompted the resignations of System President Tim Wolfe and Chancellor R. Bowen Loftin in last November had ripple effects across the nation. In solidarity with their counterparts in Missouri, Black students across the nation held protests of their own highlighting diversity and inclusion shortcomings on their respective campuses, including institutions such as Ithaca College and Yale University and, in the Pacific Northwest, the University of Oregon (UO).
On November 12, 2015, the Black Student Task Force (BSTF) held a protest on the campus of UO, expressing the view that the inclusion struggles of their counterparts at Mizzou mirror their own struggles at Oregon’s public flagship institution.
The BSTF met with new UO President Michael Schill and other campus administrators that day to highlight the marginalization and racism they said they felt on a persistent basis at UO. On November 17, the Black Student Task Force issued to UO administrators a list of 12 demands they said would redress pervasive discrimination against Black students on UO’s campus.
In response to the BSTF list of demands, OU administrators created 13 working groups to address each of the 12 student demands point by point, with an additional working group on African-American student advising and retention. BSTF Demand No. 2 pertains to the creation of an African-American Opportunities program led by Black-identifying individuals to boost Black student enrollment specifically, similar to an existing Opportunities program for the Latino student body and community.
Though Black students represented 2 percent of the student body for the 2015-16 academic year, Latinos made up 9 percent and Asian and Pacific Islander students represented 6 percent of the population, respectively.
Some point out that UO’s Black student population mirrors the low Black population across the state, as the Black population in Oregon is 2.1 percent according to 2015 census statistics. Notably, a constitutional ban against Blacks settling in Oregon was not repealed until the 1920s, according to an article posted to the City of Portland’s Bureau of Planning and Sustainability’s website.
Yet BSTF member and graduate law student Kena Gomalo says half of UO’s Black students are from California and UO could do more to recruit Black students from Oregon.
“For African-Americans specifically, we’re endangered species on this campus. We’re going extinct,” says Gomalo, who hails from North Portland. “You go back to my neighborhood; I’ve never seen the University of Oregon in my neighborhood, ever.
“A lot of us from Portland, Black folks from Portland, we live in Section 8 housing that was built during the Roosevelt era. I did. I do, still. Our struggle is unique. The University of Oregon needs to acknowledge that. This is why we created a list of demands, twice. This is is why we’re still not near 2 percent. The University of Oregon needs to recognize our unique plight, and respect it,” Gomalo adds. UO responds
In April, Schill and Dr. Yvette Alex-Assensoh, UO’s vice president for equity and inclusion, outlined six responses to the BSTF’s demands, indicating more will be done to address the demands.
According to the update from Schill and Alex-Assensoh, in response to BSTF Demand No. 2 regarding the creation of an African-American Opportunities program, beginning this fall, UO’s “Enrollment Management team will significantly expand its efforts to attract and recruit African-American students, including programs and activities that enhance the UO’s outreach to and partnership with African- American students, their families and community partners. This will also include additional staff members who are experienced in working with the African-American community.”
Schill harkens back to his student days at Princeton in reflecting on what it’s like to be the “other” on campus. As a native of New York City, Schill says he had not heard of wealthy enclaves such as Greenwich, Connecticut, and others his classmates hailed from.
“And if I felt that way, and I’m White, how do our African-American students feel when … only 2 percent of the student body here is African-American and only 1 percent of our faculty are African-American? So what we need to do is provide them with the appropriate supports. And so I think that’s incredibly important.”
Certainly the lack of Black faculty is a major concern of the BSTF, as Demand No. 6 calls for the hiring of an African-American adviser and retention specialist as well as Black faculty across all academic disciplines.
Though he is not a member of the BSTF, Michael Tani-Eshon — a recent UO MBA graduate hailing from Ghana — says boosting the number of Black faculty at UO will benefit all students.
“One of the things that I see as challenging, even with my cohorts, is that the reason why they have a problem respecting a person of color is because they’ve never been taught by a person of color,” Tani-Eshon says.
“So making that deliberate effort, especially in those faculties and departments where there is none, is important.
Because when a person who has that perception about people sees a person of color stand in front of them, teach them, give them knowledge, it changes their perception about how this race is. But if that thing is not done, and we keep on doing things which are just token, and give a scholarship to one person, it won’t change anything.”
Dr. Doug Blandy, UO’s senior vice provost for academic affairs, says UO has been changing faculty search and hiring practices to foster more diversity.
“We recognize that business as usual doesn’t work in diversifying your faculty and so we’re encouraging departments and programs to begin the recruitment process many years before they might actually have a faculty member come to campus.”
Blandy says cultivating a pool of diverse faculty candidates can start by inviting a recently graduated minority Ph.D. to campus to deliver a talk so they can become familiar with UO. Providing funds for faculty to travel to conferences to recruit diverse faculty prospects is another way UO can make progress in the area of faculty diversity.
According to Blandy, what his office is “trying to and I think we’re achieving some success [in] is to assist people in realizing that the search doesn’t begin when the search paperwork is approved, but that departments and programs need to be thinking about this long term. And in particular, at the front end, how can we be cultivating potential faculty members now who we might not actually hire for several years.”
In addition, Dr. Scott Coltrane, UO’s provost and senior vice president, says a diversity component is now showing up on UO job search announcements. “People who are applying here are asked as part of the application process to speak” to how they contributed “to equity and inclusion at previous institutions that they’ve been associated with.”
According to the UO Office of the Provost and Academic Affairs, progress is being made on the diversity front when it comes to new faculty hires for this fall. Of 49 new faculty hires for this fall, 23 are women and 14 are faculty of color. However, citing Oregon public records law, a UO spokesman declined to specify how many of the 14 faculty of color hires are African-American.
Campus climate
One of the thorniest issues on UO’s campus is the hostile climate many minority UO students say they face. BSTF Demand No. 1 calls for the renaming of buildings named after individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan. Lauren Witherspoon, a Black UO educational leadership doctoral student, says she is afraid to walk on campus after sunset for fear of Ku Klux Klan activity.
“I went to a hiking spot and didn’t know that KKK used to have their cross and burn it at the top and the whole town could see,” Witherspoon says.
UO student Gerald Jakabosky, co-director of UO’s Asian Pacific American Student Union, says union members have reported to him racial slurs against Asians being shouted from UO fraternity balconies to Asian students. “And these will be people who are just walking home at night,” he says. “ … That’s kind of like the environment that we face just being here on campus.” Schill says he is personally vested in tackling such issues.
“We are very, very committed because I understand what it feels like to not feel necessarily at home in an institution. And what we want is … students to be able to do their best here. And the way they do their best is they need to have cleared out from their head worries about feeling like they don’t belong,” Schill says.
“I would be focused on this regardless of whether the president at Missouri was fired or not, whether there were protests elsewhere, whether there were protests here. I care about the issues and I want to move forward. And I want the students to understand that I care about these issues and [I] actually want to make some progress.”
Schill and Alex-Assensoh have announced that, in response to Demand No. 11 concerning the welcoming of Black Greek letter organizations on campus, beginning this fall six Black Greek organizations will be invited to become part of UO Fraternity and Sorority Life.
In response to Demand No. 10 regarding the creation of a Student Advisory Board for the Office of Equity & Inclusion and Center for Multicultural Academic Excellence, this fall, an “African American advisory group will be added to the existing multicultural Student Leadership Team in the Division of Equity and Inclusion.”
With regard to Demand No. 9, which calls for inviting Black faculty versed in Black history and contemporary Black issues to UO to conduct seminars and workshops, Schill and Alex-Assensoh also announced that the African-American Presidential Lecture Series will bring noted Black scholars to campus. BSTF Demand No. 12 calls for a commitment to collecting and publishing data on UO’s efforts to increase Black student acceptance rates, retention and safety. In their response, UO will now publish campus diversity data online.
BSTF Demand No. 5 called for the creation of an Academic Residential Community that will feature Black history. In their April response, Schill and Alex-Assensoh announced that the Umoja Pan-African Scholars Academic Residential Community will be launched this fall and will accommodate 25 students.
Safe space
BSTF Demand No. 7 calls for the creation of a Black Cultural Center, similar to the Lonnie B. Harris Black Cultural Center at nearby Oregon State University (OSU). Dr. Allison Davis-White Eyes, OSU’s assistant vice provost and director of diversity & cultural engagement at OSU, credits the leadership of longtime OSU President Ed Ray for championing construction projects for four cultural centers on campus: The Asian & Pacific Cultural Center, the Centro Cultural César Chávez, the Native American Longhouse Eena Haws, and the Harris Center. (OSU is home to seven cultural centers.)
“Ed decided he was going to commit $500,000 as startup money for each of these buildings which cost close to $2 million a piece. To me, that’s a serious commitment,” Davis-White Eyes says.
“It makes a statement. I don’t have to explain it. You rebuild four cultural centers, that makes a statement,” Ray says. “It’s a symbol of a lot of things that have to change but are a lot harder to change — what’s in people’s hearts and minds. How honest the dialogue is among us. But it puts a stake in the ground.”
Alex-Assensoh says simply working to create safe spaces for Black students is not enough, as campus climate issues should be tackled holistically.
“The danger is we don’t want to make it our business to go around only creating safe spaces,” Alex-Assensoh says, adding that she and her UO colleagues want to make UO “unsafe for ideas that are hostile and discriminatory and that are unloving, unkind. That is our work.”
Thus, Alex-Assensoh says she sees the Umoja Academic Residential Community as “a middle ground on the way to where we need to be as a university, where these things don’t need to take place because you are welcome in the classroom. Your ideas are valued in the classroom.”
Alex-Assensoh adds that, with regard to safe spaces such as Umoja, she does not “want us to be so comfortable with this kind of thing that we also aren’t attending to the reason that we have to have it in the first place, which is that we need to fix the climate.”